\name{spence.21} \alias{spence.21} \title{ Spencer's 21 point graduation rule. } \usage{ spence.21(y) } \description{ Spencer's 21 point rule is a weighted moving average operation for a sequence of observations equally spaced in time. The average at time t depends on the observations at times t-11,...,t+11. Except for boundary effects, the function will reproduce polynomials up to degree 3. } \arguments{ \item{y}{Data vector of observations at equally spaced points.} } \value{ A vector with the same length as the input vector, representing the graduated (smoothed) values. } \examples{ data(spencer) yy <- spence.21(spencer$mortality) plot(spencer$age, spencer$mortality) lines(spencer$age, yy) } \seealso{ \code{\link{spence.15}}, \code{\link{spencer}}, } \references{ Spencer, J. (1904). On the graduation of rates of sickness and mortality. Journal of the Institute of Actuaries 38, 334-343. } \keyword{smooth} % Converted by Sd2Rd version 0.2-a5.