# Invalid on_error option resets itself Code (expect_warning(tryCatch(abort("foo"), error = identity))) Output Warning: Invalid `rlang_backtrace_on_error` option. i The option was just reset to `NULL`. # error is printed with backtrace Code cat_line(default_interactive) Output Error in `h()`: ! Error message Run `rlang::last_error()` to see where the error occurred. Execution halted Code cat_line(default_non_interactive) Output Error in `h()`: ! Error message Backtrace: x 1. \-global f() 2. +-base::tryCatch(g()) 3. | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers) 4. \-global g() 5. \-global h() 6. \-rlang::abort("Error message") Execution halted Code cat_line(reminder) Output Error in `h()`: ! Error message Execution halted Code cat_line(branch) Output Error in `h()`: ! Error message Backtrace: 1. global f() 4. global g() 5. global h() Execution halted Code cat_line(collapse) Output Error in `h()`: ! Error message Warning message: `"collapse"` is deprecated as of rlang 1.1.0. Please use `"none"` instead. This warning is displayed once per session. Execution halted Code cat_line(full) Output Error in `h()`: ! Error message Backtrace: x 1. \-global f() 2. +-base::tryCatch(g()) 3. | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers) 4. \-global g() 5. \-global h() 6. \-rlang::abort("Error message") Execution halted Code cat_line(rethrown_interactive) Output Error in `h()`: ! Error message Run `rlang::last_error()` to see where the error occurred. Execution halted Code cat_line(rethrown_non_interactive) Output Error in `h()`: ! Error message Backtrace: x 1. +-base::tryCatch(f(), error = function(cnd) rlang::cnd_signal(cnd)) 2. | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers) 3. | \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]]) 4. | \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler) 5. \-global f() 6. +-base::tryCatch(g()) 7. | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers) 8. \-global g() 9. \-global h() 10. \-rlang::abort("Error message") Execution halted # empty backtraces are not printed Code cat_line(branch_depth_0) Output Error: ! foo Backtrace: 1. rlang::abort("foo") Execution halted Code cat_line(full_depth_0) Output Error: ! foo Backtrace: x 1. \-rlang::abort("foo") Execution halted Code cat_line(branch_depth_1) Output Error in `f()`: ! foo Backtrace: 1. global f() Execution halted Code cat_line(full_depth_1) Output Error in `f()`: ! foo Backtrace: x 1. \-global f() 2. \-rlang::abort("foo") Execution halted # parent errors are not displayed in error message and backtrace Code cat_line(interactive) Output Error in `c()`: ! bar Caused by error in `h()`: ! foo Run `rlang::last_error()` to see where the error occurred. Execution halted Code cat_line(non_interactive) Output Error in `c()`: ! bar Caused by error in `h()`: ! foo Backtrace: x 1. \-global a() 2. \-global b() 3. \-global c() 4. +-base::tryCatch(...) 5. | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers) 6. | \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]]) 7. | \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler) 8. \-global f() 9. \-global g() 10. \-global h() 11. \-rlang::abort("foo") Execution halted # backtrace reminder is displayed when called from `last_error()` Code # Normal case print(err) Output Error in `h()`: ! foo --- Backtrace: 1. rlang:::catch_error(f()) 9. rlang (local) f() 10. rlang (local) g() 11. rlang (local) h() Code # From `last_error()` print(last_error()) Output Error in `h()`: ! foo --- Backtrace: 1. rlang:::catch_error(f()) 9. rlang (local) f() 10. rlang (local) g() 11. rlang (local) h() Run `rlang::last_trace()` to see the full context. Code # Saved from `last_error()` { saved <- last_error() print(saved) } Output Error in `h()`: ! foo --- Backtrace: 1. rlang:::catch_error(f()) 9. rlang (local) f() 10. rlang (local) g() 11. rlang (local) h() Run `rlang::last_trace()` to see the full context. Code # Saved from `last_error()`, but no longer last { poke_last_error(error_cnd("foo")) print(saved) } Output Error in `h()`: ! foo --- Backtrace: 1. rlang:::catch_error(f()) 9. rlang (local) f() 10. rlang (local) g() 11. rlang (local) h() Run `rlang::last_trace()` to see the full context. # Backtrace on rethrow: stop() - tryCatch() Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) # Backtrace on rethrow: stop() - withCallingHandlers() Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 14. rlang (local) low1() 15. rlang (local) low2() 16. rlang (local) low3() 17. base::stop("low-level") Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 14. rlang (local) low1() 15. rlang (local) low2() 16. rlang (local) low3() 17. base::stop("low-level") Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 14. rlang (local) low1() 15. rlang (local) low2() 16. rlang (local) low3() 17. base::stop("low-level") Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 14. rlang (local) low1() 15. rlang (local) low2() 16. rlang (local) low3() 17. base::stop("low-level") # Backtrace on rethrow: stop() - try_fetch() Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 19. rlang (local) low1() 20. rlang (local) low2() 21. rlang (local) low3() 22. base::stop("low-level") Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 19. rlang (local) low1() 20. rlang (local) low2() 21. rlang (local) low3() 22. base::stop("low-level") Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 19. rlang (local) low1() 20. rlang (local) low2() 21. rlang (local) low3() 22. base::stop("low-level") Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 19. rlang (local) low1() 20. rlang (local) low2() 21. rlang (local) low3() 22. base::stop("low-level") # Backtrace on rethrow: abort() - tryCatch() Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 17. rlang (local) low1() 18. rlang (local) low2() 19. rlang (local) low3() Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 17. rlang (local) low1() 18. rlang (local) low2() 19. rlang (local) low3() Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 17. rlang (local) low1() 18. rlang (local) low2() 19. rlang (local) low3() Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 17. rlang (local) low1() 18. rlang (local) low2() 19. rlang (local) low3() # Backtrace on rethrow: abort() - withCallingHandlers() Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 14. rlang (local) low1() 15. rlang (local) low2() 16. rlang (local) low3() Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 14. rlang (local) low1() 15. rlang (local) low2() 16. rlang (local) low3() Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 14. rlang (local) low1() 15. rlang (local) low2() 16. rlang (local) low3() Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 14. rlang (local) low1() 15. rlang (local) low2() 16. rlang (local) low3() # Backtrace on rethrow: abort() - try_fetch() Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 19. rlang (local) low1() 20. rlang (local) low2() 21. rlang (local) low3() Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 19. rlang (local) low1() 20. rlang (local) low2() 21. rlang (local) low3() Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 19. rlang (local) low1() 20. rlang (local) low2() 21. rlang (local) low3() Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 19. rlang (local) low1() 20. rlang (local) low2() 21. rlang (local) low3() # Backtrace on rethrow: warn = 2 - tryCatch() Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! (converted from warning) low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! (converted from warning) low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! (converted from warning) low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! (converted from warning) low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) # Backtrace on rethrow: warn = 2 - withCallingHandlers() Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! (converted from warning) low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 14. rlang (local) low1() 15. rlang (local) low2() 16. rlang (local) low3() 17. base::warning("low-level") Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! (converted from warning) low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 14. rlang (local) low1() 15. rlang (local) low2() 16. rlang (local) low3() 17. base::warning("low-level") Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! (converted from warning) low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 14. rlang (local) low1() 15. rlang (local) low2() 16. rlang (local) low3() 17. base::warning("low-level") Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! (converted from warning) low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 14. rlang (local) low1() 15. rlang (local) low2() 16. rlang (local) low3() 17. base::warning("low-level") # Backtrace on rethrow: warn = 2 - try_fetch() Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! (converted from warning) low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 19. rlang (local) low1() 20. rlang (local) low2() 21. rlang (local) low3() 22. base::warning("low-level") Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! (converted from warning) low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 19. rlang (local) low1() 20. rlang (local) low2() 21. rlang (local) low3() 22. base::warning("low-level") Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! (converted from warning) low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 19. rlang (local) low1() 20. rlang (local) low2() 21. rlang (local) low3() 22. base::warning("low-level") Code print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))) Output Error in `high3()`: ! high-level Caused by error in `low3()`: ! (converted from warning) low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))) 10. rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE) 11. rlang (local) high2(...) 12. rlang (local) high3(...) 19. rlang (local) low1() 20. rlang (local) low2() 21. rlang (local) low3() 22. base::warning("low-level") # abort() displays call in error prefix Code run( "{\n options(cli.unicode = FALSE, crayon.enabled = FALSE)\n rlang::abort('foo', call = quote(bar(baz)))\n }") Output Error in `bar()`: ! foo Backtrace: x 1. \-rlang::abort("foo", call = quote(bar(baz))) Execution halted --- Code run( "{\n options(cli.unicode = FALSE, crayon.enabled = FALSE)\n rlang::cnd_signal(errorCondition('foo', call = quote(bar(baz))))\n }") Output Error in `bar()`: ! foo Backtrace: x 1. \-rlang::cnd_signal(errorCondition("foo", call = quote(bar(baz)))) Execution halted # abort() accepts environment as `call` field. Code (expect_error(f())) Output Error in `h()`: ! `arg` is absent but must be supplied. # local_error_call() works Code (expect_error(foo())) Output Error in `expected()`: ! tilt # can disable error call inference for unexported functions Code (expect_error(foo())) Output Error in `foo()`: ! foo Code local({ local_options(`rlang:::restrict_default_error_call` = TRUE) (expect_error(foo())) }) Output Error in `foo()`: ! foo Code local({ local_options(`rlang:::restrict_default_error_call` = TRUE) (expect_error(dots_list(.homonyms = "k"))) }) Output Error in `dots_list()`: ! `.homonyms` must be one of "keep", "first", "last", or "error", not "k". i Did you mean "keep"? # NSE doesn't interfere with error call contexts Code (expect_error(local(arg_match0("f", "foo")))) Output Error: ! `"f"` must be one of "foo", not "f". i Did you mean "foo"? Code (expect_error(eval_bare(quote(arg_match0("f", "foo"))))) Output Error: ! `"f"` must be one of "foo", not "f". i Did you mean "foo"? Code (expect_error(eval_bare(quote(arg_match0("f", "foo")), env()))) Output Error: ! `"f"` must be one of "foo", not "f". i Did you mean "foo"? # error_call() and format_error_call() preserve special syntax ops Code format_error_call(quote(1 + 2)) Output [1] "`1 + 2`" --- Code format_error_call(quote(for (x in y) NULL)) Output [1] "`for (x in y) NULL`" --- Code format_error_call(quote(a %||% b)) Output [1] "`a %||% b`" --- Code format_error_call(quote(`%||%`())) Output [1] "`` `%||%`() ``" # `abort()` uses older bullets formatting by default foo * bar # generic call is picked up in methods Code err(f1()) Output Error in `f1()`: ! foo Code err(f2()) Output Error in `f2()`: ! foo Code err(f3()) Output Error in `f3()`: ! foo Code err(f4(NULL)) Output Error in `f4()`: ! foo # errors are fully displayed (parents, calls) in knitted files Code writeLines(render_md("test-parent-errors.Rmd")) Output foo <- error_cnd( "foo", message = "Parent message.", body = c("*" = "Bullet 1.", "*" = "Bullet 2."), call = call("foo"), use_cli_format = TRUE ) Error. abort( c("Message.", "x" = "Bullet A", "i" = "Bullet B."), parent = foo, call = call("f") ) ## Error in `f()`: ## ! Message. ## x Bullet A ## i Bullet B. ## Caused by error in `foo()`: ## ! Parent message. ## * Bullet 1. ## * Bullet 2. Warning. warn( c("Message.", "x" = "Bullet A", "i" = "Bullet B."), parent = foo, call = call("f") ) ## Warning in f(): Message. ## x Bullet A ## i Bullet B. ## Caused by error in `foo()`: ## ! Parent message. ## * Bullet 1. ## * Bullet 2. Message. inform( c("Message.", "x" = "Bullet A", "i" = "Bullet B."), parent = foo, call = call("f") ) ## Message. ## x Bullet A ## i Bullet B. ## Caused by error in `foo()`: ## ! Parent message. ## * Bullet 1. ## * Bullet 2. # can supply bullets both through `message` and `body` Code (expect_error(abort("foo", body = c("a", "b")))) Output Error: ! foo a b Code (expect_error(abort(c("foo", "bar"), body = c("a", "b")))) Output Error: ! foo * bar a b # can supply bullets both through `message` and `body` (cli case) Code (expect_error(abort("foo", body = c("a", "b")))) Output Error: ! foo a b Code (expect_error(abort(c("foo", "bar"), body = c("a", "b")))) Output Error: ! foo bar a b # setting `.internal` adds footer bullet Code err(abort(c("foo", x = "bar"), .internal = TRUE)) Output Error: ! foo x bar i This is an internal error that was detected in the rlang package. Please report it at with a reprex () and the full backtrace. Code err(abort("foo", body = c(x = "bar"), .internal = TRUE)) Output Error: ! foo x bar i This is an internal error that was detected in the rlang package. Please report it at with a reprex () and the full backtrace. # setting `.internal` adds footer bullet (fallback) Code err(abort(c("foo", x = "bar"), .internal = TRUE)) Output Error: ! foo x bar i This is an internal error that was detected in the rlang package. Please report it at with a reprex () and the full backtrace. Code err(abort("foo", body = c(x = "bar"), .internal = TRUE)) Output Error: ! foo x bar i This is an internal error that was detected in the rlang package. Please report it at with a reprex () and the full backtrace. # must pass character `body` when `message` is > 1 Code err(abort("foo", body = function(cnd, ...) c(i = "bar"))) Output Error: ! foo i bar Code err(abort(c("foo", "bar"), body = function() "baz")) Output Error in `abort()`: ! Can't supply conflicting bodies in `body` and `message`. x `body` must be character or NULL when a length > 1 `message` is supplied. i `body` is currently a function. # must pass character `body` when `message` is > 1 (non-cli case) Code err(abort("foo", body = function(cnd, ...) c(i = "bar"))) Output Error: ! foo bar Code err(abort(c("foo", "bar"), body = function() "baz")) Output Error in `abort()`: ! Can't supply conflicting bodies in `body` and `message`. x `body` must be character or NULL when a length > 1 `message` is supplied. i `body` is currently a function. # can supply `footer` Code err(abort("foo", body = c(i = "bar"), footer = c(i = "baz"))) Output Error in `f()`: ! foo i bar i baz Code err(abort("foo", body = function(cnd, ...) c(i = "bar"), footer = function(cnd, ...) c(i = "baz"))) Output Error in `f()`: ! foo i bar i baz # can supply `footer` (non-cli case) Code err(abort("foo", body = c(i = "bar"), footer = c(i = "baz"))) Output Error in `f()`: ! foo i bar i baz Code err(abort("foo", body = function(cnd, ...) c(i = "bar"), footer = function(cnd, ...) c(i = "baz"))) Output Error in `f()`: ! foo bar baz # can't supply both `footer` and `.internal` Code err(abort("foo", .internal = TRUE, call = quote(f()))) Output Error in `f()`: ! foo i This is an internal error that was detected in the rlang package. Please report it at with a reprex () and the full backtrace. Code err(abort("foo", footer = "bar", .internal = TRUE, call = quote(f()))) Output Error in `abort()`: ! Exactly one of `footer` or `.internal` must be supplied. # `cli.condition_unicode_bullets` is supported by fallback formatting foo i bar # can rethrow outside handler Code print(err(foo())) Output Error in `baz()`: ! High-level Caused by error in `low()`: ! Low-level --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(err(foo())) 9. rlang (local) foo() 10. rlang (local) bar() 11. rlang (local) baz() # if `call` is older than handler caller, use that as bottom Code low_level <- (function(call) { abort("Tilt.", call = call) }) print(expect_error(f())) Output Error in `f()`: ! Problem. Caused by error in `f()`: ! Tilt. --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(expect_error(f())) 8. rlang (local) f() Code low_level <- (function(call) { abort("Tilt.", call = list(NULL, frame = call)) }) print(expect_error(f())) Output Error in `f()`: ! Problem. Caused by error: ! Tilt. --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(expect_error(f())) 8. rlang (local) f() # base causal errors include full user backtrace Code print(expect_error(my_verb(add(1, "")))) Output Error in `my_verb()`: ! Problem during step. Caused by error in `x + y`: ! non-numeric argument to binary operator --- Backtrace: 1. base::print(expect_error(my_verb(add(1, "")))) 16. rlang (local) add(1, "") # can supply header method via `message` Code abort(~"foo") Error foo Code abort(function(cnd, ...) "foo") Error foo